1. Understanding Poverty

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  • Give Me a Pass : Flexible Credit for Entrepreneurs in Colombia (English)

    Most small firms in developing countries have large month-to-month fluctuations in their income stream due to seasonality and unanticipated positive and negative shocks such as business opportunities...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 178817 Document Date: January 1, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Brune,Lasse Florian,Gine,Xavier,Karlan,Dean S.

  • Blockchain and Associated Legal Issues for Emerging Markets (English)

    Blockchain, or distributed ledger technology (DLT), is a tamper-evident and tamper-resistant digital ledger implemented in a distributed fashion.1 This emerging technology, which enables direct transactions...

    Document Type: Report No.: 133877 Document Date: January 16, 2019 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Salmon,John,Myers,Gordon I.

  • Growth, urbanization, and poverty reduction in India (English)

    Longstanding development issues are revisited in the light of a newly-constructed data set of poverty measures for India spanning 60 years, including 20 years since reforms began in earnest in 1991. The...

    Document Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report No.: 125504 Document Date: February 1, 2016 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Datt,Gaurav,Ravallion,Martin,Murgai,Rinku

  • Senn Nuclear Power Plant Project for Italy, September 16, 1959 (English)

    The Bank had been considering the development of nuclear power on a commercial basis since 1955. In June 1956 the Bank issued a report examining the status of nuclear power development at that time. It...

    Document Type: Working Paper Report No.: 104699 Document Date: January 1, 2016 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author:

  • Educational, economic welfare and subjective well-being in Afghanistan (English)

    Education is universally recognized as one of the key determinants of socio-economic security and welfare. The link between education and increased individual earnings has been widely documented: there...

    Document Type: Report No.: 80122 Document Date: July 1, 2013 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Auturupane, Harsha,Ebenezer,Roshini Mary,Gunatilake, Ramani,Shojo,Mari

  • Serbia country economic memorandum : productivity and exports (English)

    In order to have both dynamic and better balanced growth, Serbia needs to rely more on exports. In the last decade, Serbia's growth has depended primarily on demand that was fueled by excessive debt finance...

    Document Type: Country Economic Memorandum Report No.: 76217 Document Date: January 1, 2013 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Miovic,Peter,Sestovic,Lazar

  • Serbia country economic memorandum : productivity and exports (Russian)

    In order to have both dynamic and better balanced growth, Serbia needs to rely more on exports. In the last decade, Serbia's growth has depended primarily on demand that was fueled by excessive debt finance...

    Document Type: Country Economic Memorandum Report No.: 76217 Document Date: January 1, 2013 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Miovic,Peter,Sestovic,Lazar

  • Iraq and Turkey - South-South knowledge exchange on social safety nets (English)

    South-South knowledge exchanges present an excellent model for knowledge sharing between countries, organizations, and individuals. They create opportunities for peer-to-peer learning and dialogue among...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 68271 Document Date: April 1, 2012 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Alkhoja,Ghassan N.,Dawani,Zaina,Nsour,Surat F.

  • Shadow sovereign ratings (English)

    Sovereign ratings are a necessary condition for countries to fully access international capital. Even if the sovereign government is not issuing bonds, the sovereign rating often acts as a 'ceiling' for...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 63889 Document Date: August 1, 2011 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Canuto,Otaviano,Mohapatra,Sanket,Ratha,Dilip Kumar

  • Nonbank e-money issuers : regulatory approaches to protecting customer funds (Chinese)

    Mobile-Swahili for Money (M-PESA), Kenya's mobile phone-based money transfer service, exploded onto the scene in 2007. In just three years, it has attracted over 9.5 million customers, in a country with...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 56629 Document Date: July 1, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Breloff,Paul Joseph,Tarazi,Ala Michael

  • Nonbank e-money issuers : regulatory approaches to protecting customer funds (English)

    Mobile-Swahili for Money (M-PESA), Kenya's mobile phone-based money transfer service, exploded onto the scene in 2007. In just three years, it has attracted over 9.5 million customers, in a country with...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 56629 Document Date: July 1, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Breloff,Paul Joseph,Tarazi,Ala Michael

  • Nonbank e-money issuers : regulatory approaches to protecting customer funds (Arabic)

    Mobile-Swahili for Money (M-PESA), Kenya's mobile phone-based money transfer service, exploded onto the scene in 2007. In just three years, it has attracted over 9.5 million customers, in a country with...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 56629 Document Date: July 1, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Breloff,Paul Joseph,Tarazi,Ala Michael

  • Distortions to agricultural incentives in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (English)

    In a recent survey of European economic growth since 1950, Crafts and Toniolo (2008) conclude that incentive structures are a crucial explanator of comparative growth rates of the economies of east and...

    Document Type: Report No.: 56132 Document Date: March 1, 2009 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Anderson,Kym,Swinnen,Johan F. M.