Documents & Reports
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Measuring, Reporting, and Verifying (MRV) Carbon Credits (English)
Sustainable development experts and policy makers expect carbon markets to drive climate finance and help meet climate goals. Carbon pricing and carbon markets continue to evolve and grow. New schemes...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197669 Document Date: February 28, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank
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Impact Evaluation of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Project and the Regional Express Train (TER) in Dakar, Senegal : Compilation of Intermediate Results (English)
This note describes the effort to conduct a multidimensional rigorous impact evaluation of the Bus Rapid Transit pilot Project and the Regional Express Train in Dakar, Senegal. This note is focused on...
Document Type: Report Report No.: 197036 Document Date: February 4, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank
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Rethinking Teaching Quality : The Role of Engagement in the Teaching and Learning Process (English)
Engaging teaching has emerged as a key approach to fostering children’s socio-emotional and cognitive skills. This policy note draws on findings of a recent comparative study on the LEGO Foundation’s Engage...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197556 Document Date: February 1, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Diego Luna Bazaldua,Emma Carter
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Understanding Women’s Lower Participation than Men as Workers, Top Managers, and Owners in Private Firms in the EU-27 Countries (English)
This Brief examines issues related to women’s participation as workers, top managers, and owners of private firms in 27 European Union countries (EU-27), using the rich database of the World Bank Enterprise...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197384 Document Date: January 22, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Mohammad Amin
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Educated Workers and Managers in the EU-27 (English)
This Brief highlights issues related to the education and skill level of workers and top managers in firms in 27 European Union countries (the EU-27), using the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES). The...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197382 Document Date: January 22, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Mohammad Amin
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Establishment Size Distribution in the European Union (English)
This Brief studies the establishment size distribution in the European Union countries. A well-established literature has established that an abundance of small establishments among lower-income countries...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197383 Document Date: January 22, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Nazim Tamkoc
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Political Engagement, Collective Action, and Influence of Private Firms in the European Union (English)
This Brief studies patterns of political engagement among private firms in the European Union (EU). Using representative data, allowing for analysis at the level of NUTS2 regional groupings (EU regions...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197385 Document Date: January 22, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: David C. Francis
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How Management Practices Differ in the EU-27 (English)
This Brief uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) in 27 European Union countries (the EU-27) to gain insights into the adoption of management practices in the region's private sector...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197381 Document Date: January 22, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Domenico Viganola,Mamadou Yaya Diallo
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Public Key Infrastructure : Implementing High-Trust Electronic Signatures (English)
This note is designed to be read alongside the companion policy note on electronic signatures, which explains the role of PKI in implementing cryptographically secured digital signatures within a national...
Document Type: Publication Report No.: 196018 Document Date: December 31, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank
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Comment Maximiser l’impact de la Protection Sociale Adaptative dans des contextes de Fragilité, de Conflit et de Violence : Quatre Leçons Opérationnelles Tirees du Burkina Faso et du Cameroun (French)
Ces dernières années, les conflits violents se sont multipliés de manière très significative, touchant en particulier les pays à faible revenu et façonnant un paysage de fragilité de plus en plus complexe...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 196230 Document Date: November 30, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed
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How to Maximize the Impact off Adaptive Social Protection in Contexts of Fragility, Conflict, and Violence: Four Operational Lessons from Burkina Faso and Cameroon (English)
In recent years, violent conflict has spiked significantly, affecting low-income countries in particular, and shaping an increasingly complex fragility landscape. By 2030, over half of the world’s extreme...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 196230 Document Date: November 30, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Mira Saidi
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Guidance Note on Designing and Implementing Quality Early Learning Environment Principles in Low-and Middle-Income Countries (English)
Strengthening the learning environment in Early Childhood Education (ECE) is crucial for enhancing children’s learning experiences. A quality learning environment in ECE is characterized by dynamic opportunities...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197493 Document Date: November 30, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: El Nahass, Nevine,Ayah Mohammad Moied Issam Jarrah,Magreth Paul Mziray
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Guidance Note on Home-Based Childcare For Low-Income Communities (English)
This note provides guidance for policymakers, World Bank country teams, and development practitioners to enhance the quality, affordability, and sustainability of home-based childcare (HBC) services in...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197451 Document Date: November 30, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Tanzina Quddus Dina,Antony Mwangangi Mbithi,Ekobono, Louis Marie Gael Bidzogo
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Datos Administrativos de Impuestos Desagregados Por Sexo : Experiencia de la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas de Colombia (Spanish)
En esta serie se analiza la intersección a menudo obviada entre el género y la tributación, y se revela cómo las políticas fiscales y su administración pueden afectar de manera diferente a hombres y mujeres...
Document Type: Report Report No.: 194711 Document Date: November 30, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Gamboa, Luis Fernando,Reyes, Luis Carlos,Ana Maria Tribin Uribe,Hitomi Komatsu
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Guidance Note on Designing and Implementing Early Childhood Parenting Programs (English)
Evidence-based parenting programs are interventions aimed at improving behaviors, parental practices, skills, and knowledge to promote healthy child development, through support and education from professionals...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 197492 Document Date: November 30, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Manzuma Bozmamadova,Rayanatou Laouali,Pia Sosa Walder
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Strengthening Cooperative Financial Institutions : Lessons Learned from a Joint World Bank and Rabo Partnerships Project (English)
With their large, often unparalleled, retail outreach to otherwise underserved areas and populations, Cooperative Financial Institutions (CFIs) have significant potential to deepen financial inclusion...
Document Type: Report Report No.: 193496 Document Date: November 19, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Toshiaki Ono,Hensgens, Juliette,Eva M. Gutierrez,Sivakumaran, Rubiga,Sivley, Anne,Juan Buchenau,Jose Isaac Rutman,Carlos E. Cuevas
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Assessing the Business Environment in the EU-27: An Overview (English)
This brief is the first in a series of several companion pieces that assess the state of the business environment in 27 European Union (EU27) countries. This series makes use of a fully comparable data...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 194759 Document Date: November 14, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: David C. Francis,Filip Jolevski
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Sex-disaggregating Tax Administrative Data: Experience from Colombia’s Tax and Customs Authority (English)
This Knowledge Note aims to document National Tax and Customs Authority's (DIAN’s) experience in sex-disaggregating income taxpayer data and provide examples of the use of disaggregated data for policy...
Document Type: Report Report No.: 194711 Document Date: November 13, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Gamboa,Luis Fernando,,Reyes,Luis Carlos,Ana Maria Tribin Uribe,Hitomi Komatsu
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Technology and the Future of Work : Global Trends and Policy Directions for Technological Change in the Labor Market (English)
The world of work is facing one of the most significant technological transformations since industrialization. Throughout history, technological developments have transformed the economy and shaped jobs...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 191619 Document Date: November 4, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Elizabeth Lorenzo Mata,Ramy Zeid,Carole Chartouni,Johannes Koettl,Mehmet Soytas,Nayib Rivera
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The Gig Economy and the Future of Work : Global Trends and Policy Directions for Non-Standard Forms of Employment (English)
Gig Work, a term coined around 1915 and more recently popularized by platform work, describes the exchange of labor for money on a short-term and payment-by-task basis. At present, gig work, flexi-work...
Document Type: Brief Report No.: 190908 Document Date: November 4, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ramy Zeid,Dana Jasmine Alrayess,Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad,Mehmet Ali Soytas,Nayib Rivera