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  • Geopolitics and the World Trading System (English)

    Until the beginning of this century, the GATT/WTO system worked. Economic research provided a compelling explanation. It showed that if governments maximize the well-being of their own countries broadly...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11009 Document Date: December 19, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Aaditya Mattoo,Ruta,Michele,Staige,Robert W.



  • Squaring the Circle : Policies from Europe’s Circular Economy Transition (English)

    This report reviews Europe’s experience in spearheading CE policy. Its aim is not only to highlight its features and accomplishments, but also identify existing barriers to future progress and key measures...

    Document Type: Report Report No.: 172899 Document Date: September 4, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Andrea Liverani,Sameer Akbar,Jiyoun Christina Chang,Thomas Farole,Daria Taglioni,Etienne Raffi Kechichian,Arno Behrens




  • Quality Regulation Creates and Reallocates Trade (English)

    Quality regulation has become the dominant instrument of trade policy. Panel evidence shows that regulations classified as sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade both increase...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10601 Document Date: November 9, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Zavala,Lucas,Fernandes,Ana Margarida,Haygood,Ryan,Reed,Tristan,Reyes,Jose Daniel

  • Early Impacts of Indonesia’s Investment Reforms : A Preliminary Analysis (English)

    The Indonesian government implemented comprehensive investment reforms in 2021 to encourage investment inflows and related positive impacts. Compared to the previous investment regulation in 2016, the...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10478 Document Date: June 8, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Montfaucon,Angella Faith Lapukeni,Senelwa,Victor Kidake,Doarest,Aufa

  • Natural Resource Dependence and Monopolized Imports (English)

    Countries with greater commodity export intensity have more concentrated markets for imported goods. Import market concentration is associated with higher domestic prices, suggesting that markups due to...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10339 Document Date: March 2, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Rabah Arezki,Merchán,Federico,Ana Margarida Fernandes,Nguyen,Ha,Tristan Reed

  • Revisiting the Trade-Creating Effects of Non-Tariff Barriers (English)

    Modern regional trade agreements focus on promoting bilateral exchange mostly by lowering non-tariff barriers to trade. But do existing regional trade agreements actually deliver what they promise? This...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10322 Document Date: February 27, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Felbermayr,Gabriel Johannes,Teti,Feodora Francesca Angelika


  • Deep Trade Agreements and Heterogeneous Firms Exports (English)

    This paper studies the effect of regional trade agreements on firms’ exports. Using detailed information on the content of trade agreements and firm-level exports for 31 developing countries between 2000...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10277 Document Date: January 17, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Neri--Lainé,Matteo,Orefice,Gianluca,Ruta,Michele

  • Did the 2018 Trade War Improve Job Opportunities for US Workers ? (English)

    This paper uses data on the near universe of job adverts posted online in the US to study the impact of the 2018 trade war on US job opportunities. It develops measures of labor market exposure to three...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10249 Document Date: December 1, 2022 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Javorcik,Beata,Stapleton,Katherine Anne,Kett,Benjamin Robert,O’Kane,Layla

  • Scarcity Nationalism during COVID-19 : Identifying the Impact on Trade Costs (English)

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries used export and import policy as a tool to expand the availability of scarce critical medical products in the domestic market (scarcity nationalism). This paper...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10237 Document Date: November 22, 2022 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Egger,Peter H.,Masllorens.Gerard,Rocha Gaffurri,Nadia Patrizia,Ruta,Michele



  • Non-Tariff Measures, Import Competition, and Exports (English)

    The empirical evidence on the impact of import competition on economic performance relies mainly on import tariff liberalization as the source of changes to competition. This paper extends this evidence...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9801 Document Date: October 8, 2021 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Cali,Massimiliano,Montfaucon,Angella Faith Lapukeni