1. Understanding Poverty

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  • Making Gravity Great Again (English)

    The gravity model is now widely used for policy analysis and hypothesis testing, but different estimators give sharply different parameter estimates and popular estimators are likely biased because dependent...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS9391 Document Date: September 9, 2020 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Martin,William J.

  • Economic Growth, Convergence, and World Food Demand and Supply (English)

    In recent years, developing countries have been growing much more rapidly than the industrial countries. This growth convergence has potentially very important implications for world food demand and for...

    Document Type: Journal Article Report No.: 157778 Document Date: August 1, 2020 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Fukase,Emiko,Martin,William J.

  • Poverty Impact of Food Price Shocks and Policies (English)

    In the event of large swings in world food prices, countries often intervene to dampen the impact of international food price spikes on domestic prices and to lessen the burden of adjustment on vulnerable...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS8724 Document Date: February 5, 2019 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Laborde,David,Lakatos,Csilla,Martin,William J.

  • Economic growth, convergence, and world food demand and supply (English)

    In projecting global food demand to 2050, much attention has been given to rising demand due to the projected population increase from the current 7.4 billion to more than 9 billion. An increasingly important...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS8257 Document Date: November 27, 2017 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Fukase,Emiko,Martin,William J.

  • Formulas for failure ? were the Doha tariff formulas too ambitious for success ? (English)

    This paper views tariff-cutting formulas as a potential solution to the free-rider problem that arises when market opening is negotiated bilaterally and extended on a most-favored-nation basis. The negotiators...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS7303 Document Date: June 11, 2015 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Laborde,David,Martin,William J.

  • Agriculture and trade opportunities for Tanzania : past volatility and future climate change (English)

    Given global heterogeneity in climate-induced agricultural variability, Tanzania has the potential to substantially increase its maize exports to other countries. If global maize production is lower than...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS6132 Document Date: July 1, 2012 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ahmed, S. Amer,Diffenbaugh,Noah Suresh,Hertel,Thomas W.,Martin,William J.

  • Reducing distortions in international commodity markets (English)

    World commodity markets and particularly the markets for agricultural commodities remain highly distorted despite the wave of liberalization that has swept world trade since the 1980s. Commodity markets...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 69118 Document Date: May 1, 2012 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Hoekman,Bernard M.,Martin,William J.

  • Implications of the Doha market access proposals for developing countries (English)

    This paper uses detailed data on bound and applied tariffs to assess the consequences of the World Trade Organization’s December 2008 Modalities for tariffs levied and faced by developing countries, and...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS5679 Document Date: June 1, 2011 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Debucquet,David Laborde,Martin,William J.,Van Der Mensbrugghe,Dominique

  • Measuring the impacts of global trade reform with optimal aggregators of distortions (English)

    Traditional weighted-average measures of trade distortions are widely used in analyzing global and regional reforms, despite well-known deficiencies. This paper develops and applies optimal aggregators...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS5665 Document Date: May 1, 2011 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Debucquet,David Laborde,Martin,William J.,Van Der Mensbrugghe,Dominique

  • Estimating the short-run poverty impacts of the 2010-11 surge in food prices (English)

    Global food prices have increased substantially since mid-2010, as have prices in many developing countries. In this study we assess the poverty impact of the price changes between June and December 2010...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS5633 Document Date: April 1, 2011 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ivanic,Maros,Martin,William J.,Zaman,Hassan

  • The financial crisis and its impacts on global agriculture (English)

    The financial crisis arose in the industrial countries, but has affected developing countries through higher interest rates, sharp changes in commodity prices, and reductions in investment, trade, migration...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS5431 Document Date: September 1, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Lin , Justin Yifu,Martin,William J.

  • Costs of taxation and benefits of public goods with multiple taxes and goods (English)

    The recent public economics literature involves an apparent consensus that income effects reduce the costs of raising revenues and hence increase the desirable level of public good provision. Higher taxes...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS5410 Document Date: September 1, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Anderson,James E.,Martin,William J.

  • Potential implications of a special safeguard mechanism in the WTO : the case of wheat (English)

    The Special Safeguard Mechanism was a key issue in the July 2008 failure to reach agreement in the World Trade Organization negotiations under the Doha Development Agenda. It includes both price and quantity-triggered...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS5334 Document Date: June 1, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Hertel,Thomas W.,Martin,William J.,Leister, Amanda M.

  • Agricultural price distortions, inequality, and poverty (English)

    For decades, the earnings from farming in many developing countries have been depressed because of a pro-urban, anti-agricultural bias in own-country policies and because governments in more well off countries...

    Document Type: Publication Report No.: 53879 Document Date: March 17, 2010 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Anderson,Kym,Cockburn,John Murray,Martin,William J.