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  • Deciding Not to Decide : When Is There Power in Not Deciding ? (English)

    Agency—the ability to define one’s own goals and make choices to achieve them—is often measured through questions that capture an individual’s direct involvement in decision-making. Yet not participating...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11065 Document Date: February 18, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Hillesland,Marya,Doss,Cheryl R.,Masino,Serena,Querejeta,Martina,Aletheia Amalia Donald,Seymour,Greg,Clingain,Clare

  • Does Free Sound Too Cheap ? The Adverse Effect of a Randomized Text Message Campaign on Program Take-up (English)

    This study conducted a randomized experiment to improve participation in a youth employment program in Côte d'Ivoire by testing text message outreach methods. Sending text messages highlighting that the...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11063 Document Date: February 11, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Annan,Jeannie,Clara Delavallade,Evans,David,Josephine Tassy,Lea Marie Rouanet,Mousson Estelle Jamel Koussoube

  • The Exposure of Workers to Artificial Intelligence in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (English)

    Research on the labor market implications of artificial intelligence has focused principally on high-income countries. This paper analyzes this issue using microdata from a large set of low- and middle-income...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11057 Document Date: February 5, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Jorg Gero Langbein,Michael Weber,Gabriel Demombynes

  • Displaced Learners : Early Integration of Ukrainian Refugee Students into Italy’s Schools (English)

    The paper examines the early integration of Ukrainian refugee students into Italy's education system following the Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Using administrative and survey data, the study...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11055 Document Date: February 4, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Carlana,Michela,Pauline Castaing,Mauro Testaverde,Marco Tiberti

  • How Do Migrants Fare in Africa’s Urban Labor Markets ? (English)

    Africa’s urban population is on the rise, and it is often feared that migrants are a direct source of urban underdevelopment under the premise that they are poorly integrated into urban labor markets...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11052 Document Date: January 30, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Luc Christiaensen,Keenan,Michael








  • Migrants as Social Protection ? Simulations of a Market for Work Permits (English)

    Workers have the right to take up any job offer in their country of citizenship but not to rent out that right. This paper shows that relaxing this restriction using a two-sided competitive market in work...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11017 Document Date: January 7, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Ravallion,Martin,Quy-Toan Do,Michael M. Lokshin

  • Do Bilateral Labor Agreements Increase Migration ? Global Evidence from 1960 to 2020 (English)

    This paper estimates the impact of bilateral labor arrangements on migration between two countries. It uses comprehensive data on bilateral migration and bilateral labor agreements across all country pairs...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11000 Document Date: December 13, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Samik Adhikari,Narcisse Changom,Heidi Kristiina Kaila,Maheshwor Shrestha

  • Local Economic Shocks and Human Capital Accumulation : Evidence from Rwandan Coffee Mills (English)

    This paper examines the medium-term effects of policy- driven income shocks on human capital accumulation in low-income environments. Using administrative data on test scores of the universe of primary...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10993 Document Date: December 4, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Andrew L. Dabalen,Justice Tei Mensah,Nsabimana,Aimable

  • GDP-Employment Elasticities across Developing Economies (English)

    Economic growth is often associated with welfare gains through job creation. However, the number and quality of new job opportunities created in a growing economy vary across countries and sectors, due...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10989 Document Date: December 2, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Burgi,Constantin,Shoghik Hovhannisyan,Camilo Mondragon Velez


  • Behaviorally Informed Messages Increase COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions : Insights from a Global Meta-Analysis (English)

    During the COVID-19 pandemic, low- and middle-income countries struggled with lower vaccination rates compared to wealthier countries, posing challenges to reducing virus transmission, mitigating healthcare...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10981 Document Date: November 19, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Daniel Alejandro Pinzon Hernandez,Jungkyu Rhys Lim,Michelle Dugas,Ellen Elizabeth Moscoe,Mohamad Chatila,Cameron,Corey,Renos Vakis,Zeina Afif,Victor Hugo Orozco Olvera

  • Building Women's Skills for Economic Inclusion and Resilience (English)

    Can skills-based programs promote women’s economic inclusion? This study randomizes access to a program teaching entrepreneurship skills in rural Uganda. The program covers record-keeping, identifying...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10980 Document Date: November 19, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Megan Elizabeth Lang,Seither,Julia