1. Understanding Poverty

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  • Growing Vulnerability: What Happened to Europe’s Middle Class in the Course of a Decade ? (English)

    This paper uses a vulnerability-based approach to analyze the evolution of the middle class in Europe between 2005–08 and 2015–18. The analysis reveals that, on average, the income level needed to ensure...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS11047 Document Date: January 27, 2025 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Maurizio Bussolo,Jonathan George Karver,Michael M. Lokshin,Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva,Ivan Torre

  • Assessing the Business Environment in the EU-27: An Overview (English)

    This brief is the first in a series of several companion pieces that assess the state of the business environment in 27 European Union (EU27) countries. This series makes use of a fully comparable data...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 194759 Document Date: November 14, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: David C. Francis,Filip Jolevski

  • Squaring the Circle : Policies from Europe’s Circular Economy Transition (English)

    This report reviews Europe’s experience in spearheading CE policy. Its aim is not only to highlight its features and accomplishments, but also identify existing barriers to future progress and key measures...

    Document Type: Report Report No.: 172899 Document Date: September 4, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Andrea Liverani,Sameer Akbar,Jiyoun Christina Chang,Thomas Farole,Daria Taglioni,Etienne Raffi Kechichian,Arno Behrens

  • Government Analytics in Europe : Making Public Data Count (English)

    This report is part of a collection examining how analytics using government microdata is revolutionizing public administration throughout the world. The collection is based on The Government Analytics...

    Document Type: Report Report No.: 193317 Document Date: August 29, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Zahid Hasnain,Ayesha Khurshid,Lundy, Timothy,Daniel Rogger

  • IFC Europe de l’Ouest : Créer des Marchés, Créer des Opportunités (French)

    This document collection focuses on a global development institution's efforts to promote private sector growth in developing countries. It highlights the institution's role in providing financial resources...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 192861 Document Date: August 5, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • IFC in Western Europe : Creating Markets Creating Opportunities (English)

    This document collection focuses on a global development institution's efforts to promote private sector growth in developing countries. It highlights the institution's role in providing financial resources...

    Document Type: Brief Report No.: 192861 Document Date: August 5, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • Intra-national Trade Costs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (English)

    Casual observation suggests that intra-national trade costs remain high in low- and middle-income countries. Precisely estimating them is crucial for guiding policies aimed at optimizing economic efficiency...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10789 Document Date: June 3, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: de Astarloa,Bernardo Díaz,Pkhikidze,Nino

  • Did the 2022 global energy crisis accelerate the diffusion of low-carbon technologies? (English)

    This paper develops measures of the diffusion of a comprehensive range of low-carbon technologies in 35 countries from 2019 to 2022 using text analysis of job postings and earnings calls transcripts. It...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10777 Document Date: May 21, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Paulo Bastos,Greenspon,Jacob,Katherine Stapleton,Daria Taglioni

  • Framework Report (English)

    EU corporate sector resilience has increased following global and eurozone crises, yet existing structural vulnerabilities and the current global macro-financial landscape present new challenges. Corporates...

    Document Type: Report Report No.: 191979 Document Date: May 1, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Bujana Perolli,Matija Laco,Andres Federico Martinez,Nina Pavlova Mocheva,Sergio Ariel Muro,Fabio Giovanni Tarantini,Yi Yan,Martina Sahan Sedmak,Ilias Skamnelos

  • Pollution Problems in the Mediterranean: Approaches and Priorities (English)

    This report presents our assessment of the relative importance of theseveral pollution problems and other man-induced chemical changes in theMediterranean Sea. It also presents an assessment of the relative...

    Document Type: Working Paper (Numbered Series) Report No.: 189627 Document Date: April 24, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank

  • EU Regular Economic Report Nine : Energizing Europe - Part 2 : Rising to the Challenge (English)

    This report focuses on the impact of the war in Ukraine on the energy sector in 2022 and early 2023 and Its implications at the macro and micro level in the EU. The EU is a net importer of energy and is...

    Document Type: Report Report No.: 187948 Document Date: February 27, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Prasad,Mona,Iacovone,Leonardo,Gonzalez Serrano,Mariano,Van Der Geest,Robert Anton Bernard,Britz,Wolfgang Karl Heinz,Robayo,Monica,Nguyen,Nga Thi Viet,Tawfik,Ehab Adel Samir,Dospinescu,Andrei Silviu,Badiani-Magnusson,Reena C,Timmis,Emilija,Wheeler,Collette Mari