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  • Fiscal Policy’s Role in Economic Resilience to Climate Shocks (English)

    The impacts of climate change on developing economies are becoming increasingly severe, creating challenges for risk management and requiring enhanced levels of resilience. This paper explores how to mitigate...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10982 Document Date: November 21, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Rezai,Armon,Franz Ulrich Ruch,Rishabh Choudhary,John Nana Darko Francois


  • Montenegro - First Resilient Fiscal and Sustainable Development DPF Project (English)

    The development objective of First Resilient Fiscal and Sustainable Development DPF Project for Montenegro is to support the government of Montenegro to: (i) strengthen fiscal sustainability and (ii) enable...

    Document Type: Program Document Report No.: PGD442 Document Date: September 9, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank



  • Indonesia’s Fuel Subsidies Reforms (English)

    This paper provides an assessment of the fiscal and social impacts resulting from the fuel price adjustments undertaken in 2022. The note lays out policy options and their potential fiscal and social impacts...

    Document Type: Report Report No.: 190478 Document Date: May 21, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Sara Giannozzi,Ahya Ihsan,Dwi Endah Abriningrum,Bambang Suharnoko Sjahrir,Anissa Rahmawati


  • The Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Shocks in Uruguay (English)

    Uruguay is an economy that is vulnerable to precipitation patterns, as evidenced during the country’s historic 2022/23 drought. Yet, and despite its rich macroeconomic and climate data environment, the...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10740 Document Date: March 27, 2024 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Giuliano,Fernando Mauro,Navia Simon,Daniel,Ruberl,Heather Jane




  • Measuring Total Carbon Pricing (English)

    While countries increasingly commit to pricing greenhouse gases directly through carbon taxes or emissions trading systems, indirect forms of carbon pricing—such as fuel excise taxes and fuel subsidy reforms—remain...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10486 Document Date: June 15, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Agnolucci,Paolo,Fischer,Carolyn,Heine,Dirk,Montes De Oca Leon,Mariza,Pryor,Joseph Dixon Callisto,Hallegatte,Stephane

  • Are Carbon Taxes Good for South Asia? (English)

    This paper estimates the effects of gradually introducing a US$25/ton CO2-equivalent carbon tax in South Asian economies using the Climate Policy Assessment Tool (CPAT). The results for South Asia suggest...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10462 Document Date: May 30, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Mercer-Blackman,Valerie Anne,Milivojevic,Lazar,Victor Mylonas


  • Natural Disasters and Fiscal Drought (English)

    This paper examines to what extent slowdowns in economic growth after natural disasters are accompanied by widening fiscal deficits and corresponding pressures on public debt. Empirical analysis based...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10298 Document Date: February 7, 2023 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Milivojevic,Lazar


  • Intensity-Based Rebating of Emission Pricing Revenues (English)

    Carbon pricing policies worldwide are increasingly coupled with direct or indirect subsidies where emissions pricing revenues are rebated to the regulated entities. This paper analyzes the incentives created...

    Document Type: Policy Research Working Paper Report No.: WPS10069 Document Date: May 31, 2022 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: Böhringer,Christoph,Fischer,Carolyn,Rivers,Nicholas

  • Serbia - First Serbia Green Transition Programmatic Development Policy Loan (English)

    The development objective of the First Serbia Green Transition Programmatic Development Policy Loan for Serbia is to support the Government of Serbia’s (GoS’s) efforts to: (1) better align fiscal management...

    Document Type: Program Document Report No.: PGD318 Document Date: February 9, 2022 Disclosure Status: Disclosed Author: World Bank